What is Valacyclovir (Valtrex)?

Valacyclovir is an antiviral medication that helps reduce the growth and spread of the herpes virus in the body. It is commonly used to treat infections caused by herpes viruses, including genital herpes, cold sores, and shingles (herpes zoster) in adults. Additionally, valacyclovir is approved for treating cold sores in children aged 12 and older, as well as chickenpox in children aged 2 years and up.

While valacyclovir does not cure herpes or prevent the transmission of the virus to others, it can help lessen the symptoms of an outbreak.

Important Considerations

Before starting valacyclovir, it's important to inform your healthcare provider if you have HIV/AIDS, a weakened immune system, kidney issues (or are on dialysis), or if you’ve had a kidney or bone marrow transplant. Since valacyclovir may affect kidney function, using it in combination with other kidney-impacting medications can increase the risk of harm. Always discuss any other medications you're taking with your healthcare provider to avoid potential interactions.

Valacyclovir treatment should be initiated at the first sign of symptoms, such as tingling, burning, or blisters. It is also crucial to note that valacyclovir won't prevent the spread of genital herpes, and herpes infections remain contagious even during treatment.

When to Contact Your Doctor

Discontinue the use of valacyclovir and seek medical attention immediately if you experience severe side effects that may indicate harm to red blood cells. Symptoms to watch for include fever, easy bruising or bleeding, bloody diarrhea, vomiting, pale or yellowed skin, fatigue, fainting, or reduced urination.

Who Should Avoid Valacyclovir?

You should not take valacyclovir if you're allergic to valacyclovir or acyclovir. It is also important to notify your doctor if you have a history of kidney disease, HIV/AIDS, or have undergone organ transplants.

Pregnant women should discuss the risks with their healthcare provider, as the herpes virus can be transmitted to the baby during childbirth. Valacyclovir can also pass into breast milk, so it’s essential to inform your doctor if you’re breastfeeding.

Valacyclovir should not be given to children without medical advice.

How to Take Valacyclovir

Always follow the dosing instructions provided by your healthcare provider. It's most effective when started as soon as symptoms appear. Taking the medication consistently for the prescribed length of time is crucial to clearing the infection. Missing doses may increase the chance of the virus becoming resistant to treatment.

Drink plenty of water while on valacyclovir to support kidney function. For those with herpes lesions, keeping the area clean and dry and wearing loose clothing can help prevent irritation.

Missed Dose or Overdose

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it’s close to the time for your next dose. Never take extra doses to compensate for a missed one. In case of an overdose, seek immediate medical attention.

What to Avoid

Valacyclovir will not prevent the spread of genital herpes, and herpes infections remain contagious even during treatment. It's important to avoid direct contact with others when experiencing an outbreak. Always practice good hygiene, wash your hands frequently, and avoid touching the affected area.

Possible Side Effects

Serious side effects are rare but can include confusion, aggressive behavior, hallucinations, speech problems, seizures, or kidney issues. Stop using the medication and contact your healthcare provider immediately if you notice signs of serious side effects.

Common side effects of valacyclovir include nausea, stomach pain, and headaches. Side effects may be more common in older adults, particularly those over 65.

Interactions with Other Medications

Valacyclovir may affect kidney function, and using it in combination with certain other medications, such as antivirals, chemotherapy drugs, or pain medications like ibuprofen, can increase the risk. Be sure to inform your healthcare provider about all the medications and supplements you are taking to avoid interactions.

Related Treatments

Valacyclovir is one of several treatments available for herpes-related conditions. Other similar medications include acyclovir and famciclovir. Always consult your healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate treatment for your condition.