Sildenafil (Viagra) is a medication that helps relax the muscles in the blood vessels, promoting increased blood flow to specific areas of the body. It is commonly known as Viagra and is used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) in men. Another version of sildenafil, called Revatio, is used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and improve exercise capacity in both men and women. It is important not to use Viagra and Revatio together.

Important Warnings

Sildenafil should not be taken if you are also using a nitrate medication for chest pain or heart conditions, as combining these can lead to a dangerous drop in blood pressure. This includes nitroglycerin and similar drugs. Additionally, some recreational drugs, like "poppers," contain nitrates and should be avoided when using sildenafil. Always inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking, especially those used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension or erectile dysfunction.

If you experience a prolonged or painful erection lasting more than four hours, seek emergency medical attention, as this condition (priapism) can cause permanent damage. Sudden vision loss is another serious side effect that requires immediate medical attention.

Precautions Before Using Sildenafil

Before taking sildenafil, ensure that your healthcare provider is aware of any heart conditions, high or low blood pressure, or circulation issues you may have. It's also essential to discuss any history of eye problems, such as retinitis pigmentosa, or other health concerns like liver or kidney disease, bleeding disorders, or any physical deformities of the penis.

Sildenafil has been associated with sudden vision loss in rare cases, particularly in individuals with pre-existing heart disease, high cholesterol, diabetes, or those who are over 50 years old. It's unclear if the medication directly causes vision loss, but the risk is higher for people with these conditions.

This medication is not expected to harm an unborn baby, but women with pulmonary arterial hypertension should consult their healthcare provider before stopping the use of sildenafil. It is also unknown whether sildenafil passes into breast milk, so breastfeeding mothers should speak with their doctor before using the medication. Sildenafil is not recommended for anyone under the age of 18 without medical advice.

How to Take Sildenafil

Follow the prescribed dosage and instructions provided by your healthcare provider. For PAH (Revatio), sildenafil is usually taken three times daily. For ED (Viagra), it is typically taken as needed, about 30 minutes to an hour before sexual activity, and can be used up to four hours before. Do not take more than one dose per day.

If you miss a dose of Revatio, take it as soon as possible, but skip it if it is almost time for your next dose. Do not take extra doses to make up for a missed one.

Side Effects

Common side effects of sildenafil include flushing, headaches, dizziness, indigestion, and vision changes. Less common but more severe side effects may include chest pain, shortness of breath, swelling of the hands or feet, and seizures. If any of these occur, contact a healthcare professional immediately.

Drug Interactions

Sildenafil should not be combined with similar medications, such as tadalafil (Cialis) or vardenafil (Levitra), without consulting your healthcare provider. Additionally, medications used to treat high blood pressure, certain antifungal drugs, and medicines for HIV/AIDS may interact with sildenafil. Always inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking to avoid any dangerous interactions.

In summary, sildenafil is an effective treatment for erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension when taken as directed. However, it is crucial to consult your healthcare provider to ensure the medication is safe for you, especially if you are taking other medications or have existing health conditions.